熊久强

姓名：熊久强

学历/职称/职务:博士/副教授/硕士生导师

联系方式：xiongjiuqiang@ouc.edu.cn

地址：青岛市鱼山路5号 青岛266003 中国海洋大学海洋生命学院

一、教育工作经历

2019.11-现在，副教授，中国海洋大学，山东青岛，中国。

2019.09-2020.02，博士后研究员，汉阳大学，首尔，韩国。

2014.03-2019.08，硕博连读，汉阳大学，首尔，韩国。

2008.09-2012.07，学士，合肥工业大学，安徽合肥，中国。

二、研究方向

抗生素是多重耐药菌形成的根本驱动力，严重威胁环境和人类健康。国务院颁发《新污染物行动治理方案》明确优先研究抗生素的分布规律、过程防控和末端治理。本人致力于解析环境抗生素分布规律，阐明优先控制因子。构建高效消减典型抗生素的微藻治理和植物-微藻耦合修复系统，研发提高系统修复效率的技术手段，并阐明污染物的酶促动力学、转化途径和蓄积规律。从“效能-机制-意义”三方面深入探讨了植物-微藻耦合系统高效去除抗生素的多维调控机制。共发表文章37篇，其中第一/通讯作者发表论文25篇（影响因子>10的论文19篇），先后发表在Water Research，Trends in Biotechnology，Journal of Hazardous Materials，Journal of Cleaner Production等领域权威刊物上。近五年引用次数>3000余次，ESI高被引论文5篇。

三、获得荣誉

• 熊久强 入列2023年度全球前2%科学家名单。

• 熊久强2019年度汉阳大学优秀博士毕业论文

• 熊久强2017年度国家优秀自费留学生奖学金. (Chinese Government Award for Outstanding Self-Financed Students Abroad, 2017)

• 熊久强 汉阳大学2017年度优秀博士研究生奖学金（Best Ph.D. student Award in research, Hanyang University, 1^st Feburary, 2017).

• 熊久强2009年度优秀团干, 五四表彰, 合肥工业大学.

四、承担课题情况

1. 熊久强，主持。国家自然科学基金面上项目 (No. 52470201)。2025年1月-2028年12月。

2. 熊久强，团队负责人，2023年度山东省高等学校“青创团队计划”（2023KJ037）。2023年1月-2025年12月。

3.熊久强，主持。国家自然科学基年青年项目 (No. 52100201)。2022年1月-2024年12月。

4. 熊久强，项目负责人，中国海洋大学英才计划科研启动基金。2020年1月-2022年12月。

5. 熊久强，主持。横向服务项目。2022年1月-2022年6月。

五、论文发表情况（共发表37篇，其中第一作者/通讯作者25篇，ESI高被引论文6篇，他引3000余次，H因子21）

1. Xin Qi, Jing-Yu Qin, Shaoguo Ru, Jiu-Qiang Xiong*, 2024. Functional characterization of a novel Chlamydomonas reinhardtii hydrolase involved in biotransformation of chloramphenicol. Water Research, 265, 122285.

2. Zhuo Chen, Jiu-Qiang Xiong*, 2024. Recovery mechanism of a microalgal species, Chlorella sp. from toxicity of doxylamine: Physiological and biochemical changes, and transcriptomics. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 474, 134752. IF13.6

3. Jingyu Qin, Xin Qi, Yuejiao Li, Zhuyun Tang, Xiaona Zhang, Shaoguo Ru*, Jiu-Qiang Xiong*，2024. Bisphenols can promote antibiotic resistance by inducing metabolic adaptations and natural transformation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 470, 134149. IF13.6

4. Ying Liang, Xin Qi, Jia-Min Xu, Mayur B Kurade, Byong-Hun Jeon, Li-Qiang Yang, Jiu-Qiang Xiong*, 2024. Improved tolerance capacity and expression of degradation genes driving efficient removal of sulfamethizole by Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 12,111633. IF7.7

5. Jia-Min Xu, Jiu-Qiang Xiong*, 2023. Boosting the yields of microalgal biomass and high-value added products by phytohormones: A mechanistic insight using transcriptomics. Journal of Cleaner Production, 393, 136175. IF11.1一区TOP

6. Qiu-Lian Zhong, Zhuo Chen, Qingyue Shen, Jiu-Qiang Xiong*, 2023. Occurrence of antibiotics in reclaimed water, and their uptake dynamics, phytotoxicity, and metabolic fate in Lolium perenne L. Science of the Total Environment, 904, 166975. IF9.8

7. Xin Qi, Jiu-Qiang Xiong*, Chen-Yu Zhao, Shaoguo Ru*, 2022. Unraveling the key driving factors involved in cometabolism enhanced aerobic degradation of tetracycline in wastewater.Water Research, 226, 119285. IF 12.8 一区TOP（已被引用23次）

8. Jiu-Qiang Xiong#*, Xin Qi#, Jing-Yu Qin, 2022. Transcriptomics unveiled metabolic perturbations in Desmodesmus quadricauda by sulfacetamide: Key functional genes involved in the tolerance and biodegradation process. Science of the Total Environment, 826, 154436, Q1, SCI, IF 9.8.一区TOP

9. Xin Qi, Shaoguo Ru, Jiu-Qiang Xiong*, 2022. Ecotoxicological effects of sulfacetamide on a green microalga, Desmodesmus quadricauda: Cell viability, antioxidant system, and biotransformation. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 26, 102278.二区TOP, SCI，IF 7.1.

10. Jiu-Qiang Xiong#*, Chen-Yu Zhao#, Jing-Yu Qin, Pengfei Cui, Qiu-Lian Zhong, Shaoguo Ru*, 2022. Metabolic perturbations of Lolium perenne L. by enrofloxacin: Bioaccumulation and multistage defense system. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 427, 127893.Q1, SCI, IF 13.6.一区TOP

11. Jiu-Qiang Xiong#*, Pengfei Cui#, Shaoguo Ru, Mayur B. Kurade, Swapnil M. Patil, Krishna K.Yadav, Ahmed M. Fallatah, Marina M.S. Cabral-Pinto, Byong-Hun Jeon*, 2022. A comprehensive review on the effects of engineered nanoparticles on microalgal treatment of pollutants from wastewater. Journal of Cleaner Production, 344, 131121. Q1, SCI, IF 11.1.一区TOP

12. Chen-Yu Zhao, Shaoguo Ru*, Pengfei Cui, Xin Qi, Mayur B. Kurade, Swapnil M., Patil, Byong-Hun Jeon, Jiu-Qiang Xiong*, 2021(7). Multiple metabolic pathways of enrofloxacin by Lolium perenne L.: Ecotoxicity, biodegradation, and key driven genes. Water Research, 202, 117413. Q1, SCI, IF 12.8.一区TOP（已被引用53次）

13. Jiu-Qiang Xiong#, Pengfei Cui#, Shaoguo Ru, Sanjay P. Govindwar, Mayur B. Kurade, Min Jang, Sang-Hyoun Kim, Byong-Hun Jeon, 2021(1). Unravelling metabolism and microbial community of a phytobed co-planted with Typha angustifolia and Ipomoea aquatica for biodegradation of doxylamine from wastewater. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 401, 123404. Q1, SCI, IF 13.6.一区TOP

14. Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Pengfei Cui*, Shaoguo Ru*, 2020(11). Biodegradation of doxylamine from wastewater by a green microalga, Scenedesmus obliquus. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 584020. Q1, SCI, IF 6.064.二区TOP

15. Jiu-Qiang Xiong#, Shaoguo Ru#, Qing Zhang, Min Jang, Mayur B Kurade, Sang-Hyoun Kim, Byong-Hun Jeon*, 2020(8). Insights into the effect of cerium oxide nanoparticle on microalgal degradation of sulfonamides. Bioresource Technology, 309, 123452.Q1, SCI,IF 11.4.一区TOP

16. Sang-Hun Lee, Jiu-Qiang Xiong*, Shaoguo Ru, Swapnil M. Patil, Mayur B. Kurade, Sanjay P. Govindwar, Sang-Eun Oh, Byong-Hun Jeon*, 2020(5). Toxicity of benzophenone-3 and its biodegradationin a freshwater microalga, Scenedesmus obliquus. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 389,122149. Q1, SCI, IF 13.6.一区TOP (*通讯作者)

17. Jiu-Qiang Xiong#, Sun-Joon Kim#, Mayur B. Kurade, Sanjay Govindwar, Reda A.I. Abou-Shanab, Jung-Rae Kim, Hyun-Seog Roh, Moonis Ali Khan, Byong-HunJeon, 2019. Combined effects of sulfamethazine and sulfamethoxazole on a freshwater microalga Scenedesmus obliquus: toxicity, biodegradation, and metabolic fate. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 370, 138-146. Q1, SCI, IF 13.6.一区TOP (ESI高被引论文，他引205次)

18. Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Byong-Hun Jeon, Sanjay P. Govindwar, Mayur B. Kurade, Swapnil M. Patil, Jung-Han Park, Ki-Hyun Kim, 2019(10). Plant and microalgae consortium for an enhanced degradation of sulfamethazine. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26,34552-34561,Q2, SCI, IF 5.8.三区

19. Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Sanjay Govindwar, Mayur B. Kurade, Ki-Jung Paeng, Hyun-Seog Roh, Moonis Ali Khan, Byong-Hun Jeon, 2019. Toxicity of sulfamethazine and sulfamethoxazole and their removal by a green microalga, Scenedesmus obliquus. Chemosphere, 218, 551-558. Q1, SCI, IF 8.8.二区TOP

2019年前

20. Jiu-Qiang Xiong#, Mayur B. Kurade#, Byong-Hun Jeon, 2018. Can microalgae remove pharmaceutical contaminants from water? Trends in Biotechnology, 36, 30-44. Q1, SCI, IF 17.3. 一区TOP (ESI高被引论文，他引454次)

21. Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Mayur B. Kurade, Byong-Hun Jeon, 2017. Biodegradation of levofloxacin by an acclimated freshwater microalga, Chlorella vulgaris. Chemical Engineering Journal, 313, 1251-1257. Q1, SCI,IF 15.1.一区TOP (ESI高被引论文，他引263次)

22. Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Mayur B. Kurade, Jung Rae Kim, Hyun-Seog Roh, Byong-Hun Jeon, 2017. Ciprofloxacin toxicity and its co-metabolic removal in a freshwater microalgae Chlamydomonas mexicana. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 323, 212-219. Q1, SCI, IF 13.6.一区TOP (ESI高被引论文，他引311次)

23. Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Mayur B. Kurade, Byong-Hun Jeon, 2017. Ecotoxicological effects of enrofloxacin and its removal by monoculture of microalgal species and their consortium. Environmental Pollution, 226, 486-493. Q1, SCI, IF 8.9.二区TOP

24. Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Mayur B. Kurade, Dilip V. Patil, Min Jang, Ki-Jung Paeng, Byong-Hun Jeon, 2017. Biodegradation and metabolic fate of levofloxacin via a freshwater green alga, Scenedesmus obliquus in synthetic saline wastewater. Algal research, 25, 54-61. Q1, SCI,IF 5.1.二区

25. Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Mayur B. Kurade, Reda A.I. Abou-Shanab, Min-Kyu Ji, Jaeyoung Choi, Jong Oh Kim, Byong-Hun Jeon, 2016. Biodegradation of carbamazepine using freshwater microalgae Chlamydomonas mexicana and Scenedesmus obliquus and the determination of its metabolic fate. Bioresource Technology, 205, 183-190. Q1, SCI,IF 11.4.一区TOP (ESI高被引论文，他引367次)

其他作者：

（1）Hyun-Jo Ahn, Nikita Yadav, Rahul Tanpure, Bikram Basak, Mayur B Kurade, Jiu-Qiang Xiong, El-Sayed Salama, Xiangkai Li, Woo Jin Chung, Byong-Hun Jeon, 2024. Assessing ecotoxicity, removal efficiency, and molecular response of freshwater microalgae to bisphenol AP. Chemical Engineering Journal, 497, 154760.

（2）Shouvik Saha, Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Swapnil M Patil, Geon-Soo Ha, Jeong-Kyu Hoh, Hyun-Kyung Park, Woojin Chung, Soon Woong Chang, Moonis Ali Khan, Ho Bum Park, Byong-Hun Jeon, 2023. Dissemination of sulfonamide resistance genes in digester microbiome during anaerobic digestion of food waste leachate. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 452, 131200. IF13.6一区TOP

（3）Mayur B. Kurade, Tatoba R Waghmode, Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Sanjay P Govindwar, Byong-Hun Jeon, 2019 (3). Decolorization of textile industry effluent using an immobilized microbial consortium in upflow fixed bed reactor. Journal of Cleaner Production, 213, 884-891. Q1, SCI, IF 11.1.一区TOP

（4）Mayur B. Kurade, Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Sanjay P. Govindwar, Hyun-Seog Roh, Ganesh D. Saratale, Byong-Hun Jeon, Hankwon Lim. Uptake and biodegradation of emerging contaminant sulfamethoxazole from aqueous phase using Ipomoea aquatica. Chemosphere, 225, 696-704, 2019(6). Q1, SCI, IF 8.8.二区TOP

（5）Nikita Yadav, Sanjay P Govindwar, Niraj Rane, Hyun-Jo Ahn, Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Min Jang, Sang Hyoun Kim, Byong-Hun Jeon, 2021. Insights on the role of periphytic biofilm in synergism with Iris pseudacorus for removing mixture of pharmaceutical contaminants from wastewater. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 418, 126349. Q1, IF 13.6.一区TOP

（6）Kurade M.B., Ha Y.H., Xiong J.Q., Govindwar S.P., Jang M., Jeon B.H., 2021. Phytoremediation as a green biotechnology tool for emerging environmental pollution: A step forward towards sustainable rehabilitation of the environment. Chemical Engineering Journal, 415, 129040. Q1, IF 15.1.一区TOP (ESI高被引论文，他引159次)

（7）Qin J.Q., Ru S., Wang W., Hao L., Wei S., Zhang J., Xiong J.Q., Wang J., Zhang X., 2021. Unraveling the mechanism of long-term bisphenol S disrupted ovarian lipids metabolism, oocytes maturation, and offspring development of zebrafish. Chemosphere, 130304. Q1, SCI, IF 8.8.二区TOP

（6）Minsoo Kim, Young Eun Song, Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Kyoung-Yeol Kim, Min Jang, Byong-Hun Jeon, Jung Rae Kim, 2021(1). Electrochemical detection and simultaneous removal of endocrine disruptor, bisphenol A using a carbon felt electrode. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. Q2, SCIE, IF 4.598.

（8） Zengyuan Wang, Xiaojie Sun, Shaoguo Ru, Jun Wang,Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Liqiang Yang, Liping Hao, Jie Zhang, Xiaona Zhang, 2022. Effects of co-exposure of the triazine herbicides atrazine, prometryn and terbutryn on Phaeodactylum tricornutum photosynthesis and nutritional value. Science of the Total Environment, 807, 150609. Q1, IF 9.8.一区TOP

（9）El-Sayed Salama, Byong-Hun Jeon, Junling Wang, Reda AI Abou-Shanab, Jiu-Qiang Xiong, 2022. Microbial Advances towards Sustainable Environment: Microbiome Structure & Integrated Technologies. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13:971696.

（10） Jiezhang Mo, Jiahua Guo, Hisato Iwata, Jerry Diamond, Chengkai Du, Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Jie Han, 2022. What Approaches Should be Used to Prioritize Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products for Research on Environmental and Human Health Exposure and Effects? Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1-14.

（11）Muthukannan Satheesh Kumar, Akhil N. Kabra, Booki Min, Marwa M. El-Dalatony, Jiuqiang Xiong, Nooruddin Thajuddin, Dae Sung Lee, Byong-Hun Jeon, 2016 (1). Insecticides induced biochemical changes in freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas mexicana. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23, 1091-1099. Q2, SCI, IF 5.190.三区

（12）Jing-Yu Qin, Wenyi Jia, Shaoguo Ru, Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Jun Wang, Weiwei Wang, Liping Hao, Xiaona Zhang*, 2023. Bisphenols induce cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos: Role of the thyroid hormone receptor pathway. Aquatic Toxicology, 254, 106354. IF4.5 二区TOP

六、专利

（1）汝少国；赵晨雨；熊久强，2022。基于水生植物组合的磺胺二甲嘧啶污染水体修复方法，ZL 2022 1 0509967.7。

（2）崔鹏飞；谭蓉；熊久强；汝少国，2021。一种抗菌肽及其应用，ZL 2021 1 0170640.7。

七、著作

1. Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Mayur B Kurade, Byong-Hun Jeon, 2023. Microbial degradation of endocrine disruptors from industrial wastewater: Removal efficiency and metabolic mechanism. 179-194, Chapter 10 in book: Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Bioremediation of Endocrine Disrupting Pollutants in Industrial Wastewater. Elsevier publisher.

2. Jiu-Qiang Xiong, AN Kabra, ES Salama, 2023. Microalgae-based biotechnologies for treatment of textile wastewater. 457-471, Chapter 17 in book: Current Developments in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Elsevier publisher.

八、学会论文

1. Jiu-Qiang Xiong, 2024年度第十七届全国水处理化学大会暨学术研讨会，微藻治理环境典型抗生素的效能和机制，上海，2024年4月5日至7日。

2. Jiu-Qiang Xiong, 2024年度第八届全国水处理与循环利用学术会议，微藻治理环境典型抗生素的效能和机制，成都，2024年4月12日-14日。

3. Jiu-Qiang Xiong, 2023年水处理技术创新与前沿应用学术研讨会暨青年学者论坛，共代谢驱动微藻高效修复抗生素的机制，苏州，2023年7月23-25日。

4. Jiu-Qiang Xiong, 第七届全国水处理与循环利用学术会议，微藻降解抗生素的效率与机制，上海富悦大酒店，2023年4月14-16日，上海。

5. Jiu-Qiang Xiong,山东省生态学会2020学术年会暨研究生论坛，微藻生物降解环境典型抗生素的效能与代谢机制.December 3-4^TH 2020.

6. Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Mayur B Kurade, Sanjay P. Govindwar, Byong-Hun Jeon. Biodegradation of sulfonamides using microalgae. 257^th ACS National Meeting & Exposition. Orlando, Florida, USA. 2^nd April 2019.

7. Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Mayur B. Kurade, Hyun-Jo Ahn, Byong-Hun Jeon, Environmental risks of sulfamethazine and sulfamethoxazole, and their preferential biodegradation from a mixture by a green microalga, Scenedesmus obliquus. 256^th American Chemical Society National Meeting & Exposition Boston Convertion and Exhibition Center, Boston, United States. 20^th August 2018.

8. Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Mayur B. Kurade, Byong-Hun Jeon, Microalgal remediation of pharmaceutical contaminants from water. The 4^th International Conference on Contaminated Land, Ecological Assessment and Remediation 2018. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China. 16-18^th August 2018.

9. Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Mayur B. Kurade, Hyun-Jo Ahn, Byong-Hun Jeon, Environmental risks of sulfamethazine and sulfamethoxazole, and their preferential biodegradation from a mixture by a green microalga, Scenedesmus obliquus. The Korean Society of Clean Technology. The K-hotel, Gyeongju, South Korea. 29^th March 2018.

10. Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Mayur B. Kurade, Geon-Soo Ha, Jung-Rae Kim, Byong-Hun Jeon. Cometabolic degradation of antibiotic using microalgae. 255^th American Chemical Society National Meeting & Exposition, New Orleans, LA, United States. 18-22^nd March 2018.

11. Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Mayur B. Kurade, Byong-Hun Jeon. Removal of pharmaceutical contaminants from aqueous phase: Role of microalgae in bioremediation. The Korean Society of Clean Technology. Jeollanam-do, Yeosu-si, Guk-dong, South Korea. 20-22^nd September 2017.

12. Jiuqiang Xiong, Mayur B. Kurade, Sung-Eun Chang, Byong-Hun Jeon. Biodegradation and metabolic fate of levofloxacin via a freshwater green alga, Scenedesmus obliquus in synthetic saline wastewater. 254^th American Chemical Society National Meeting & Exposition, Washington, DC, United States. 20-24^th August 2017.

13. Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Shouvik Saha, Hoo Kim, Byong-Hun Jeon. Biodegradation of fluoroquinolone antibiotic from aqueous media by an acclimated green microalga Chlorella vulgaris. 253^rd American Chemical Society National Meeting & Exposition, San Francisco Marriott Union Square, San Francisco, CA, United States, 2-6^th April 2017.

14. Jiuqiang Xiong, Mayur B. Kurade, Sung-Eun Chang, Byong-Hun Jeon. Microalgae mediated biodegradation of levofloxacin: Mechanistic study of enhanced removal. The Korean Society of Clean Technology. The Westin Chosun, Seoul Hotel, Busan, Korea, March 29-31^th, 2017.

15. Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Byong-Hun Jeon. Enhanced degradation of levofloxacin by a freshwater microalga, Scenedesmus obliquus and its metabolic fate. The Korean Society of Clean Technology. Hotel Le Win, Jeonju, South Korea. 28-30^th September 2016.

16. Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Byong-Hun Jeon, Biodegradation of carbamazepine using freshwater microalgae Chlamydomonas mexicana and Scenedesmus obliquus and the determination of its metabolic fate, 252^nd American Chemical Society National Meeting & Exposition, Pennsylvania Convention Center, Philadelphia, USA, 21-25^th August 2016.

17.  Mayur B. Kurade, Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Byong-Hun Jeon, Biodegradation of diazinon using a freshwater microalga Chlorella vulgaris, 252^nd American Chemical Society National Meeting & Exposition, Pennsylvania Convention Center, Philadelphia, USA, 21-25^th August 2016.

18. Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Minsun Lee, Byong-Hun Jeon. Ciprofloxacin toxicity and its co-metabolic degradation by a freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas mexicana, The Korean Society of Clean Technology (KSCT) Conference, Grabel Hotel, Jeju Iceland, South Korea, 23-25^th March 2016.

19. JiuQiang Xiong, Mayur B. Kurade, Minsun Lee, Byong-Hun Jeon, Biodegradation of carbamazepine by freshwater microalgae, Chlamydomonus mexicana and Scenedesmus obliquus, 2015 Fall Joint Conference of KSMER/KSRM/KSEG, Ramada Plaza Jeju Hotel, Jeju, October 28-31^st, 2015.

20. JiuQiang Xiong, Mayur B. Kurade, Minsun Lee, Byong-Hun Jeon, Biodegradation of carbamazepine by the freshwater microalgae Chlamydomonas mexicana and Scedesmus obliquus, the Korean Society of Clean Technology conference, Bexco, Busan, September 16-18^th, 2015.

21.  Minsun Lee, Jaewon Choi, Minkyu Ji, Akhil N. Kabra, Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Byong-Hun Jeon, Bioaccumulation and biodegradation of estrone by freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas mexicana, the Korean Society of Clean Technology, Buyeo, Korea, March 26-27^th, 2015.

22.  Minsun Lee, Akhil N. Kabra, M. Satheesh Kumar, Jiu-Qiang Xiong, Byong-Hun Jeon, Biodegradation of the herbicide atrazine by green microalga Chlamydomonas mexicana, 2014 Fall KSMER conference, Phoenix Island, Jeju, Korea, November 6-8^th, 2014.